°ª¦MÀI§³®W¤§³Ì·s³B²z ³\´Â´É±Ð±Â¥DÁ¿ ¬x¤d´fÂå®v®Õ¾\ ¤ý¶®sÂå®v¾ã²z
°ª¦MÀI§³®W¥Dn¥H¤U±¤»ºØ¯e¯f³Ì±`¨£¡A¥H¤U¬O³B²z³o¨Ç°ÝÃDªº¤è®×¡C
- Preterm labor ¡® fetal fibronectin
- Premature fetal lung ¡® Ãþ©T¾J
- Group B streptococcal infection ¡]GBS¡^
- Preterm premature rupture of membranes ¡]PPROM¡^
- Cervical ripening ¡® labor induction
- Thrombocytopenia
- Preterm labor ¡® fetal fibronectin¡G
·í¯f¤H¦³®cÁY¡A¦ý¨S¦³¶i¤@¨Bªº¤l®cÀVÂX±i¡A¦¹®É fetal fibronectin¬O¥Î¨Ó¹w´ú·|¤£·|¦²£ªº§Q¾¹¡CFetal fibronectin ¬O¤@ºØextracellular matrix glycoprotein¡A¦bÃh¥¥¦´Á¥X²{¡A¦ý¦b24~36¶g¶¡·|°¨ì´X¥G°»´ú¤£¨ì¡A¦Ó¨¬¤ë®É¤S¦A¥X²{¡C·í´ú¸Õ§e³±©Ê¤ÏÀ³®É¡A¥i¥H©ñ¤ßÅý²£°ü¦^®a¡A¦]¥¦¦³1-2¬P´Á¤º99% ³±©Ê¤À®Y¹w´úȦý´ú¸Õ§e¶§©Ê¤ÏÀ³®É¡A´N¸û¨S¦³·N¸q¡A¦]¥u¦³1¬P´Á¤º29% ¶§©Ê¤À¹w´úÈ¡A¹J¦¹ª¬ªp³q±`³£·|¸û¿n·¥¦a±K¤Á°»´ú¡CFetal fibronectinì¦s¦b©ó¦Ï½¤ ©M¸À½¤¤§¶¡¡A·í¦³¤ÀÂ÷©Î¦´Á°}µh®É¡A·|¤Àªc¨ì¥À¿Ëªº´`Àô¤¤¡C¥Ñ©ófetal fibronectin¦bÃh¥¥¦´Á©M¨¬¤ë®É³£¦³¡A¦]¦¹¤£n¦b¤Q´X¶g®É´ú¨ì¶§©Ê´N»~¥H¬°¦´Á°}µh¡C´ú¶qfetal fibronectin¤ñ¨ä¥L¦²£ªº¦MÀI¦]¤l¹³¤l®cÀVµu¡B¤§«e¦³¹L¦Ûµo©Ê¦²£¡B³±¹D¥X¦å¡BBMI<19.8¡B®cÁYµ¥¦³¸û°ªªºrelative risk¡C
¦b¬ü°ê¡A¨Ï¥Îªº Fetal fibronectin´ú¸Õ¤§ì«h¦p¤U¡G
Intact amniotic membranes
Cervical dilation <3cm
Sampling between 24 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks
Negative test: ruling out preterm delivery within 2 weeks¡]high specificity¡^
Positive test: not known in clinical implications ¡]low sensitivity¡^
¦]¬° fetal fibronectin³±©Ê¥i¥H©ñ¤ß¦aÅý²£°ü¦^¥h¡A´î¤ÖÂå°|¤ä¥X¡A¤]¨Ï²£°ü¦w¤ß¡A©Ò¦b¬ü°ê¼s¬°±Ä¥Î¡C
- ¦´ÁL¨à³¡¦¨¼ô»PÃþ©T¾J¡] Premature fetal lung ¡® Ãþ©T¾J¡^¡G
1980¦~®É¡ANIH Á{§É³¡ªù»{¬°Ãþ©T¾J¹ï©ó¦´ÁL¨à³¡¦¨¼ô¨S¦³À°§U¦]¤£¼s¬°¨Ï¥Î¡C1994¦~®É¡AÃþ©T¾J³Q¤½»{¥i¥H«P¶i¦´ÁL¨à³¡¦¨¼ô¡C²{¦bNICHD¹ïÃþ©T¾Jªº¨Ï¥Î¦³¤U¦Cªº¦@ÃÑ¡]consensus¡^:
The benefits outweight the risks
24-34 weeks at risk for PTD¡]Preterm delivery¡^
Preterm PROM< 30~32 weeks
Irrespective of fetal race, gender, and availability of surfactant therapy
Betamethasone 12 mg IMx2, q24 hrs
Dexamethasone 6 mg IMx4,q12 hrs
Benefits:24 hrs to 7 days
< 24 hrs, still significantly reduce neonatal mortality
¹ï©ó¦b´X¶g«eªº¦´Á¯}¤ô¨Ï¥ÎÃþ©T¾JÁÙ¦³ª§Ä³¡A·íªì NICHD¦b°Q½×PPROM¬O§_n¥ÎÃþ©T¾J®É´N¦³¨â¬£»¡ªk¡A¤@¬£»{¬°¦´Á¯}¤ô·|¼W¥[·P¬V²v¡A©Ò¥H¥D±i¤£¦AÃþ©T¾J¡A¥t¤@¬£«h«ù¬Û¤Ï·N¨£¡CÁ¿ªÌªº§@ªk¬O¥Î¨ì32¶g¡A33~34¶gªº¦´Á¯}¤ô´N¤£¦A¨Ï¥ÎÃþ©T¾J¤F¡C
²{¦b¤j³¡¤À¨C 7¤Ñ«½Æµ¹¤@¦¸Ãþ©T¾J¡A¦ý¨s³º«½Æ²£«eµ¹¤©Ãþ©T¾J¦n¤£¦n©O¡H³Ìªñ¦³¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A«ùÄò¨C7¤Ñµ¹¤@¦¸Ãþ©T¾J¡A¥X¥ÍÅé«·|¤U°¡A¥X¥ÍÅ髤U°9%¡AÀY³ò´î¤Ö4%¡A¦Ó¥B¹ïP¦º²v©Î©I§l¹w«á¨Ã¨S¦³§ó¦hªº¯q³B¡C¦¹¬ã¨sªºµ²½×¬°:
No apparent benefits
Adverse effects on size at birth
Potential to affect later development
¦]¦¹¡AÁ¿ªÌªº§@ªk¬O¤£¨C¬P´Á«½Æµ¹Ãþ©T¾J¡A¦pªG¼Æ¶g«á²£°ü§Ön¥Í¤F¡A¦ÓL¨à³¡¤´¥i¯à¥¼¦¨¼ô¡A¦¹®É¦Aµ¹¤@¦¸Ãþ©T¾J¡A¦p¦¹¤´«O¦³Ãþ©T¾Jªº®ÄªG¡A¥B±N¨ä°Æ§@¥Î°¦Ü³Ì§C¡C
- B ¸sÃì²yµß·P¬V¡]Group B streptococcal infection ¡]GBS¡^¡^¡G
GBS¦b·s¥Í¨à·|³y¦¨±Ñ¦å¯g¡BªÍª¢¡B¸£½¤ª¢¡AP¦º²v5~20%¡A²{¦b¤´µL¾A·í¬Ì]¡A¤j·§ÁÙn1~2¦~«á¤~·|µo®i¥X¨Ó¡A¦]¦¹¥u¯àµ¹¤@¨Ç§Ü¥Í¯À¨Ó¹w¨¾¡C¬ü°ê¹ï¹w¨¾¦´ÁB ¸sÃì²yµß·P¬Vªº§@ªk¬O¡G
Culture-based or risk factor-based strategy
GBS culture¡]+¡^ intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis¡Airrespective of intrapartum risk factors
Alternative:penicillin
¦]¬° GBS¬O³±¹Dªº¥¿±`µßºØ¡A§Y¨ÏªvÀø·|¦A´_µo¦^¨Ó¡A©Ò¥H°ö¾i¡]+¡^¤£»Ýn°¨¤WªvÀø¡Aµ¥¨ì²£¤¤®É¦Aµ¹§Ü¥Í¯À¡C¦Ó¿ï¾Ü½L¥§¦èªL¬O¦]¨ä¸ûampicillin«K©y¡A§ÜÃĩʤ]¸û¤Ö¡C
¦Ü©ó¦´Á B ¸sÃì²yµß·P¬Vªº¦MÀI¦]¤l¦p¤U:
- Previous infant with invasive GBS disease
- GBS bacteriuria
- Preterm labor/delivery< 37 weeks
- PPROM
- ROM 3 18 hours
- Maternal fever 3 38 ¢X C¡]100.4 ¢X F¡^
¬ü°ê°ü²£¬ì¾Ç·|¥D±i¤£¥Î°µ°ö¾i¡A¦Ó¬O¨Ì·Ó risk factors¨Ó¨M©wn¤£n²£¤¤§Ü¥Í¯À¹w¨¾¡A¨ä¬yµ{¦p¹Ï¤@¡A¬ü°ê¤p¨à¬ì¾Ç·|«h¬O¥D±i35-37¶g®É°µ°ö¾i¡A¨Ó¨M©wn¤£n²£¤¤§Ü¥Í¹w¨¾¡A¨ä¬yµ{¦p¹Ï¤G¡C
¦Ó²£¤¤¤Æ¾Ç¨¾ªº¤è®×¦p¤U¡G
- ÀR¯ßª`®g½L¥§¦èªL G¡]Intravenous penicillin G¡^¡]preferred¡^
--5 million units initially
--then 2.5 million units q4h until delivery
- ÀR¯ßª`®g®ò¥§¦èªL¡] Intravenous ampicillin¡^
--2g initially
--then 1g q4h until delivery
- ¹ï½L¥§¦èªL¹L±Ó¡] Allergic to penicillin¡^
--clindamycin or erythromycin
¹ï©ó¦´Á¯}¤ôªº¯f¤H¹w¨¾¦´Áµo¥Í B ¸sÃì²yµß·P¬Vªº§@ªk¦p¤U¡G
Give antibiotics GBS¡]-¡^ stop
Give antibiotics GBS¡]+¡^ treat
No antibiotics GBS¡]+¡^ treat
Labor treat
- ¦´Á¯}¤ô¡] Preterm premature rupture of membranes ¡]PPROM¡^¡G
¦b¬ü°ê¡A¦³¦´Á¯}¤ôªº¯f¤H¦í°|¡AÂå®v·|¥ýªá¥b¤p®É¥H¤W¸ò¯f¤H¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥]¬A¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v¤]n¦b³õ¡CÁ¿ªÌ³B²z¦´Á¯}¤ôªºì«h¥Dn¬O¦pªGÃh¥¥¤j©ó 35 0/7¶g´N¦Ò¼{¶Ê¥Í¡A¦pªG¬O¥¼¨¬35¶g«O¦u©ÊªvÀø´N¬O¨C¤Ñµû¦ôL¨à¡C¦Ü©ó§Ü¥Í¯Àªºµ¹¤©¦p¤U¡]NICHD Trial¡^¡G
- Ampicillin iv 2g q6h for 48 hrs
- Erythromycin iv 250mg q6h
- Reduction of RDS, NEC, sepsis, pneumonia, and other morbidities
- Prolong latency period
- ¤l®cÀV³n¤Æ»P¤Þ²£¡] Cervical ripening ¡® labor induction¡^¡G
¥H¤W¬O¤l®cÀV³n¤Æ¾¯ªººØÃþ¡G
Dinoprostol¡]PGE2¡^:FDA approval
Cervidil
---10mg timed-release vaginal insert
---$168
Prepidil
---0.5mg endocervical gel
---$97.96 per 0.5mg dose
Misoprostol¡]PGE1¡^:off-label
25ug or 50ug vaginal tablet
$0.13 per 25ug dose
Misoprostol¡]Cytotec¡^¬O¦X¦¨ªºPGE1¡A«Ü§Ö§@¥Î¡A¦b9-15¤ÀÄÁ¤º¹F¨ì³Ì¤j¿@«×¡A¥b°I´Á20~40¤ÀÄÁ¡A¨äÀuÂI¬°«K©y¥B©öµ¹¤©¡A¨î¬°¹ï©ó¤£¥¿±`ªº¤l®c¦¬ÁY¯S§O¬O§Ö³t¦¬ÁY¡CMisoprostol·| »P¾¯¶q¬ÛÃö¥B¥i¯à²Ö¿n¡A¥t¥~¤]¯Ê¤ÖÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¥¦ªºªø´Á¦w¥þ©Ê¡C§ë¤©ªºì«h¦p¤U¡G
- Singleton gestation
- Bishop score <6
- Uterine contractions ¢G 12/hr
- Cephalic presentatin
- Reassuring FHR pattern
¥¥°ü¦³¤U¦C±¡§Î®É¤£¥Î¡G
- Frequent uterine contractions--- >13/hr
- Proir C/S or uterine surgery
- Grandmultiparity
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding or previa
- Active herpes simplex
- Allergic to prostaglandins
- Renal or hepatic dysfunction
- Chorioamnionitis
L¨à¦³¤U¦C±¡§Î®É¤£¥Î¡G
- Multiple gestation
- Malpresentation
- CPD
- EFW <1,800g
¦]¬° Misoprostol ¬OFDA©|¥¼§å㪺ÃÄ¡A©Ò¥H¥Îªkn¦Û¤vºN¯Á¡A¤Uªíµ§ªÌºî¦X¬O¦U¥Îªkªº¤@¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú¤ñ¸û¡G
PGE 1 PGE 2 |
|
50 m g |
25 m g |
0.5mg"IC" |
|
q3h |
q3h |
q4h |
q6h |
q6h |
Succesful induction¡]24h¡^ |
70% |
65.5% |
51.5% |
55.4% |
47.5% |
Interval to delivery¡]hr¡^ |
13.8 |
16 |
21.6 |
24.6 |
23.5 |
Oxytocin used |
33.8% |
45.7% |
50.5% |
51.4% |
65.7% |
Tachysystole |
36.7% |
14.6% |
7.1% |
11.2% |
18.4% |
Meconium |
30% |
10.0% |
19.2% |
11.2% |
10% |
Neonatal acidemia
¡] PH <7.16¡^ |
13.0% |
6.8% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
"IC"¡G intracervical
Á¿ªÌªº¥Îªk¬O 25ug, q4h¡A¥i¨Ìªí¿ï¾Ü¤@Ó¦Û¤v³ßÅwªº¥Î¡A¦ýn´£¿ô³o¬O¬ü°êªºdata¡A¥xÆW¥i¯à·|¦³©Ò®t²§¡C
¦´Á¯}¤ô¥i§_¨Ï¥Î Misoprostal¡A®Ú¾ÚWing DA et al ªºstudy¬O¥i¥H¥Îªº¡A¥Îªk¬°25ug q6h ¡C¦Ó¹ï©ó¦³å¸¡²£¥vªº²£°ü«h¨S¦³¸ê®Æ¥i¥H¤ä«ù¡A¨ä¥L¹³¤fªAmisoprostol©|¥¼¦³¨¬°÷ÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¡C¦Ü©óªù¶E¯f¤Hªº¤l®cÀV³n¤Æ¬O¥i¥H¥Î¦ý¶·±K¤Á°lÂÜ¡C
¥H¤U¬O¹ï©ó Misoprostol¥Î¦b¤l®cÀV³n¤Æ¤Î¤Þ²£¤WC¾|ªº¤è®×¡F
- Admit patient to ²£©Ð©ÎAntepartum unit
- Apply external FHR monitoring until a reassuring FHR tracing is obtained
- Obtain misoprostol 25 m g from the pharmacy
- Administer misoprostol into posterior fornix of the vagina by a physician
- Lie in lateral recumbent position for 30 minutes
- The patient should be monitored for at least 1 hour
--If contractions are present: monitoring for two hours
- Contractions ¢G 2 minutes apart
--Continue to monitor the patient
- Contraxtions > 2 minutes apart
--Outpatient: discharge home
--Inpatient: ad lib until next dose
- Misoprostol 0.25 m g may be repeated every 4 hours only uterine contractions > 2 minutes apart and the cervix is < 5cm dilated
- Hyperstimulation: If contractions last 3 90 seconds or persist ¢G 2 minutes apart
--Terbutaline 0.25 mg SQ, may be reprated every 5 minutes if necessary
--Vaginal irrigation with saline if failure of tocolysis
- ¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö¡] Thrombocytopenia¡^¡G
¤jP¤¶²ÐÃh¥¥®É¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö , ITP¤ÎHELLP³B²z¡C
Ãh¥¥®É¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öªº¯f¤H¦å¤pªO³q±`¦b 75,000~149,000/mm 3
¤§¶¡¡A§C©ó 75,000/mm 3 ´N·í¦¨ITP¨Ó³B²z¡F¦pªG¤j©ó75,000/mm 3 ¤S¨S¦³¯S®íªº¯f¥v¡A´N¤£n·í¦¨ITP³B²z¡CÃh¥¥®É¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö¤j³¡¥÷µo¥Í¦bÃh¥¥¥¼´Á¡A¨S¦³¥ý«eªº¯f¡CITP¬ù90% ¦³¦å²M¦å¤pªO§ÜÅé¡A¦ýÃh¥¥®É¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öªº¯f¤H¤´¦³61~62%¦³¦å²M¦å¤pªO§ÜÅé¡A¦]¦¹¤£¯à¥H¦¹¨Ó°µÅ²§O¶EÂ_¡C¡]Platelat < 150,000/mm 3 ªºµo¥Í²v¥u¦³8.3%¡A¥B¯u¥¿ÄY«¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öªº¯f¤H«Ü¤Ö¡A¤j³¡¥÷¦b100,000/mm 3 ¥H¤W¡C¨S¦³¯S§OªvÀø¤èªk¡C
- §K¬Ì©Ê¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öµµ½I¡] Immune Thrombocytopenic purpura¡]ITP¡^¡^
¥¥°ü§K¬Ì©Ê¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öµµ½I®É¡A§Ú̳ÌÃö¤ßªº¬O·|¤£·|·s¥Í¨à¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö¡C®Ú¾Ú Burrow ¡® Kelton ©ó1993¦~©Ò°µªºmeta-analysisÅã¥ÜÄY«ªº·s¥Í¨à¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö¡]platelet count<50,000/mm 3 ¡^ªº¾÷²v¬°14.6%¡A·s¥Í¨àP¯f²v¡G24/1,000¡C¦ý¬OMeta-analysis ¬O§â¦n´X½g¤åÄm©ñ¦b¤@°_¡AÁöµMºÉ¶q¨ú¯u¥¿§K¬Ì©Ê¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öµµ½I¯gªº¯f¤H¡A¤´µLªk«OÃÒ³£¬O¯u¥¿§K¬Ì©Ê¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö¡CSamuels¦b1990¦~¦ôp¯u¥¿§K¬Ì©Ê¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö¥¥°ü¡A¨ä·s¥Í¨àP¯f²v¬ù278/1,000¡A¥]¬A¸£«Ç¤º¥X¦å¡BG¸z¹D¥X¦å¡B¼sªxªí¥Ö¥X¦å¡A©Ò¥H§K¬Ì©Ê¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öµµ½I¯g³y¦¨ªºÄY«·s¥Í¨à¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö¡A¨Ã¤£¬O·Q¹³¤¤ªº¨º»ò§C¡C¦bÁ¿ªÌªºÂå°|¡A¤j¬ù¦³0%¦Ó¦b¤åÄm¤]¦³¤j¬ù18.6%¡C¦Ü©ó¦ó®ÉnªvÀø©O¡H·í¯f¤H¦³¥X¦å¶É¦V¡]¦å¤pªO < 20,000¡^©Î¯f¤Hn±µ¨ü¤â³N«e¦å¤pªO < 50,000/ /mm 3 ¡A´NnªvÀø¡CªvÀøªº¤è¦¡¦³ÀR¯ßª`®gÃþ©T¾J¡AÀR¯ßª`®ggamag²y³J¥Õ¡A¦å¤pªO¿é¦å©MµÊŦ¤Á°£¡C ¹ï¥Î¯u¥¿§K¬Ì©Ê¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öµµ½I¯g¥Î¤Wz¤èªk¥hªvÀø¤´²£¥ÍÄY«·s¥Í¨à¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öªº¾÷²v¦p¤U¡G
Steroid |
S teroid/Splenectomy |
Splenectomy |
No therapy |
22.7% |
23% |
17.8% |
19.2% |
©Ò¥H¤´¦³ 20%¥ª¥k·|ÄY«·s¥Í¨à¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö¡AÁ¿ªÌªº§@¥Î¬O¹ï¦³§K¬Ì©Ê¦å¤pªO¹L¤Öµµ½I¯g¯f¤¤ªº²£°ü¦b38¶g®É°µcordocentesis¡A¦pªGL¨à¨S¦³ ¦å¤pªO¹L¤Ö´N¸Õ¦ÛµM¤À®Y¡A§_«h´N帡²£¡C
TTP¡]Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura¡^ªº¯f¤H«Ü¤Ö¡A¨äªí²{¦p¤U¡G
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neurologic changes
- Renal dysfunction
- Fever
ªvÀø¤è¦¡¬°¦å¼ß¿é¦å©Î¥æ´«ªvÀø¡C¥H TTP ©MHELLP syndrome¤£©ö°Ï¤À³q±`HELLP syndromeY¥|¤Ñ¤º¨S¦³«ì´_¡A´Nn·í¦¨TTP¥B»°§Ö°µ plasmaphoresis¡AÁקK¥À¿Ë¦º¤`¡C
·»¦å©Ê§¿¬r¯gÔ¸s¡] HUS¡^¤]¬O¤£±`¨£¡A93%¦b²£«á¡A¯S¼x¬°1.·L¤p¦åºÞ¯fÅÜ©Ê·»¦å©Ê³h¦å 2.«æ©ÊµÇ¯fÅÜ 3.¦å¤pªO¹L¤pªvÀø¬° ¤ä«ùÀøªk©M³zªR¡C
¦Ü©ó HELLP syndrome¡A²{¦b¬Oµ¹²£«áÃþ©TÃþ¡A¥[³t¯f±¡«ì´_¡CÁöµMÃþ©T¾J¹ï²£«e¤]¦³À°§U¡A¦ý¦Ò¼{¥i¯à·|¦³¨Ç°Æ§@¥Î¹³L¨àµÇ¤W¸¢¥\¯àªº§í¨î¡A©Ò¥HÁ¿ªÌ¥D±i¼È®É¤£¥Î¦b²£«e¡C
Ãh¥¥¥½´Áªº¦MÀI¦]¤l¤Îª`·N¨Æ¶µ
¶V±µªñÃh¥¥¥½´Á¡Aµo¥Í¨¬³¡¤ô¸~¡B°ª¦åÀ£·|¬Æ¦Ü§³®W¬r¦å¯gªº¾÷·|³£·|¼W°ª³\¦h¡A»Ý¯S§Oª`·N¶¼¹ªº½Õ¾ã¡A¨Ã±`¶qÅé«¡AÁקKÅ髹L¥÷¼W¥[¡A©ó¥ð®§®É¥i±NÂù¨¬©ï°ª¡A¥H§Q¦å²G´`Àô¡C
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- ¬ï¼eÃPµÎ¾Aªº¦çªA¡AÁקK¨ì¾ÖÀ½ªº¤½¦@³õ©Ò¡AY½ö¤U®É¤£¾A¡A¥i¹Ô°ªªEÀY©Î¥Î¨ä¥Lª««~¤ä¦«¡A©Î¥b§¤ª×«º¶Õ·|µÎªA¨Ç¡C
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